Taylor Swift: Audience and Industries blog tasks

 Audience

Background and audience wider reading

Read this Guardian feature on stan accounts and fandom. Answer the following questions:

1) What examples of fandom and celebrities are provided in the article?

In the decades since, it’s become a catchall term for people who base their entire online existence around a specific fandom: Lady Gaga’s Little Monsters, Beyoncé’s Bey Hive, Taylor Swift’s Swifties, and Nicki Minaj’s Barbs.

2) Why did Taylor Swift run into trouble with her fanbase? 

When the presale for Taylor Swift’s tour turned into a battle royale for fans locked out of Ticketmaster’s system, frazzled Swifties voiced their disappointment. Ticketmaster and Swift quickly apologized, with the singer calling the process excruciating 

3) Do stan accounts reflect Clay Shirky's ideas regarding the 'end of audience'? How? 

Stan accounts are like roving reporters in that they comment on the action live and as it happens, Stans don’t just root for their icons, they fiercely defend them. Anything perceived as a shot against their favourite. This shows how audiences are now actively engaging in the producers content and becoming "reporters"

Read this Conversation feature on the economics of Taylor Swift fandom. Answer the following questions: 

1) What do Taylor Swift fans spend their money on? 

Taylor Swift fans spend a significant amounts of money on albums, merchandise and concert tickets

2) How does Swift build the connection with her fans? Give examples from the article.

Swift shares a particularly intense connection with her fans. Fans frequently engage in Para social relationships with their celebrity objects of fandom, where they feel as if they honestly know the celebrity.

3) What have Swifties done to try and get Taylor Swift's attention online? 

The Taylor Nation twitter account retweets and engages with fans who have shared screenshots of merchandise, receipts, pictures of themselves with multiple copies of albums, or particularly over-the-top displays of emotion and creativity. This sets a baseline of what it takes to get their and Swift’s attention.

4) Why is fandom described as a 'hierarchy'? 

Fandom communities are often discussed as spaces of friendship and community. More realistically, they are hierarchical structures in which fans have their status elevated by participating in certain ways. For Swift fans, these hierarchies are heavily tied to practices of consumption, including the purchasing of concert tickets.

5) What does the article suggest is Swift's 'business model'? 

Swift’s business model is largely built on fan desire to meet her. 

Taylor Swift: audience questions and theories

Work through the following questions to apply media debates and theories to the Taylor Swift CSP. You may want to go back to your previous blogpost or your A3 annotated booklet for examples. 

1) Is Taylor Swift's website and social media constructed to appeal to a particular gender or audience?

Taylor swifts website and social media is constructed to mainly influence girls as she presents herself as a feminist and advocating her political views.

2) What opportunities are there for audience interaction in Taylor Swift's online presence and how controlled are these? 

Audiences can interact through commenting on her social media platforms for example TikTok, Instagram and twitter also buying merchandise and Tickets from her website. However, it is highly controlled through her teams management by monitoring comments maintaining a positive image.

3) How does Taylor Swift's online presence reflect Clay Shirky’s ‘End of Audience’ theories? 

Taylor swifts online presence continuously encourages audiences to interact and follow her ideas this relates to clay shirky as audiences are actively engaging. 

4) What effects might Taylor Swift's online presence have on audiences? Is it designed to influence the audience’s views on social or political issues or is this largely a vehicle to promote Swift's work? 

Taylor swifts online presence is mainly a promotion network for her albums as she updates her social media bio to her newest album, also on Instagram she doesn't follow anyone and only posts promotional content.

5) Applying Hall’s Reception theory, what might be a preferred and oppositional reading of Taylor Swift's online presence? 

he preferred reading is Taylor swifts online presence is purely for content promoting her albums to her audience an d allowing them to purchase her tickets and merchandise. However, the oppositional reading is her online social media presence is to engage with the audience and build a better relationship

Industries

How social media companies make money

Read this analysis of how social media companies make money and answer the following questions:

1) How many users do the major social media sites boast?

As of Q4 2022, Meta, formerly Facebook, had 2.96 billion monthly active users. Twitter (now X) stopped reporting monthly active users, but the last count in Q1 2019 was 330 million, while LinkedIn had about 900 million monthly active users as of Q1 2023

2) What is the main way social media sites make money? 

Such volume is the short answer to the question of how these companies are making money

3) What does ARPU stand for and why is it important for social media companies? 

ARPU means average revenue per user this is important as social media companies can find an average total revenue approximately 

4) Why has Meta spent huge money acquiring other brands like Instagram and WhatsApp? 

Growing Meta’s user base to the point where it reached critical mass was obviously important to the company’s operations, but only to the extent that it provided something to attract advertisers 

5) What other methods do social media sites have to generate income e.g. Twitter Blue? 

Under the new system that Musk implemented in 2023, however, checkmarks became a symbol that users had subscribed to X Premium. X Premium subscribers receive benefits including editable posts, fewer ads, longer posts, and more robust security measures. This service costs $8 per month or $84 per year.

Regulation of social media

Read this BBC News article on a report recommending social media regulation. Answer the following questions:

1) What suggestions does the report make? Pick out three you think are particularly interesting. 

Add “friction” to online sharing so misinformation spreads slower.

Make platforms explain why certain posts are recommended to users.

Ban discrimination in algorithms, such as hiding ads based on race or religion.

2) Who is Christopher Wylie? 

He’s the whistle-blower from the Cambridge Analytica scandal, who exposed how Facebook data was misused for political advertising.

3) What does Wylie say about the debate between media regulation and free speech? 

He argues that while people have the right to speak freely, they don’t have the right to be automatically amplified by algorithms. Platforms aren’t neutral, they decide what gets seen and what doesn’t.

4) What is ‘disinformation’ and do you agree that there are things that are objectively true or false? 

Disinformation means false or misleading information created to deceive people. I do think some things can be objectively true or false like facts or data but opinions are different because they depend on perspective.

5) Why does Wylie compare Facebook to an oil company? 

He compares Facebook’s negative social effects to pollution. Just like oil companies don’t profit from pollution but still cause it, Facebook doesn’t profit directly from hate or disinformation, but its design allows those things to spread.

6) What does it suggest a consequence of regulating the big social networks might be? 

suggests that social media platforms should face stricter safety rules. Wylie points out it’s strange that household appliances like toasters are more heavily regulated than platforms that can affect democracy and public health.

7) What has Instagram been criticised for?

Instagram has been criticised for promoting unrealistic body images and showing users repetitive content, like endless fitness ads, which can harm self-esteem and mental health.

8) Can we apply any of these criticisms or suggestions to Taylor Swift? For example, should Taylor Swift have to explicitly make clear when she is being paid to promote a company or cause?